贫困问题是指由于贫穷所直接导致或者衍生的一系列社会问题。贫穷问题是当今世界最尖锐的社会问题之一。这里的贫困主要指物质的匮乏，由多种原因造成，如分配机制不公平、生产力不发达等等。在中国，贫困问题按照地域划分主要分为城市贫困问题及农村贫困问题，中国政府出台了一系列扶贫政策用以解决贫困问题。那么，贫困英文怎么说呢？
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What is poverty
什么是贫困问题
In the economic development of the present world, poverty remains a grave problem which disturbs social development. A large poor population can be found in not only the developing countries and regions where it will increase but also in the economically developed European and American countries. Anti-poverty is a significant strategic decision for various countries to enhance their economic development. China, a developing country, is confronted with poverty inevitably in the course of its economic development, especially during the period of system transition. Moreover, during a particular phase, dual-poverty, the co-existence of the poor population in both the rural areas and urban areas, will arise. One underlying cause of this phenomenon is that a large unemployment population emerges as a result of the transition of the running mechanism in the state-owned enterprises. In view of all these, the problem of poverty is also a serious problem that confronts the building a well off society .The study of poverty will be national significance and also world-wide significance.
Poverty refers to a living state under which the normal material and spiritual needs of an individual or a family can’t be met as a result of both institutional factors and non-institutional factors. There is no doubt that developing and developed countries are all disturbed by poverty. However, the problems remain different in its nature and type. Poverty in developed countries is mainly a relative one. Those factors leading to poverty are mainly individual. The target of anti-poverty campaign is mainly against poor population. While in developing countries, poverty is mainly featured by absolute poverty. The factors can be found in their geography, history, society, politics and the negative aspects of their cultures. But as far as its nature is concerned, the low level productivity and unfair distribution of income are the main causes. The target of anti-poverty campaign aims mainly at poor areas.
Poverty in China is an economic concept, which carries heavy political connotation. The subject of poverty is poor population while the object is poor areas. As for its characteristics, it is regional, ethic, stratum and institutional from a macroscopic view; from a meso-scopic view, it is featured by the adverse ecological environment, the frail infrastructure, the low-level and unitary economic structure, the low-level cultural life and the natural, semi-natured and planned economy; from a microscopic view, it’s featured by possessing capital, especially human capital’s insufficiency and inability. A correct definition of the types of poverty is the key point to improve the efficiency of anti-poverty campaign in China. Poverty in China can be classified into institutional poverty and non- institutional poverty.
贫困(poverty)是一个十分复杂的问题，按照经济学的一般理论，贫困是经济、社会、文化贫困落后现象的总称。但首先是指经济范畴(economic scope)的贫困，即物质生活贫困(material poverty)，可定义为一个人或一个家庭的生活水平达不到一种社会可以接受的最低标准。贫困的存在有着历史与现实的双重原因，因而，贫困又是一个历史性的范畴(historical scope)。根据不同的划分标准，贫困可以分为不同的类型。如绝对贫困(absolute poverty)和相对贫困(comparative poverty)，生存型贫困(survival poverty)、温饱型贫困(subsistence poverty)和发展型贫困(development poverty)，区域型贫困(regional poverty)和个体型贫困(individual poverty)，城市贫困(urban poverty)和农村贫困(rural poverty)，狭义贫困(narrow poverty)和广义贫困(broad poverty)等等。