动词就是用来表示动作或状态的词汇。基本上每个完整的句子都有一个动词,下面小编告诉你英语中一些动词的特殊用法举例,大家一起来看看吧!
英语中一些动词的特殊用法举例:
用作情态动词和助动词的will
一、用作助动词
will 用作助动词,表示将来,用于构成将来时态。如:
She will be back in a minute. 她一会儿就回来。
I’ll carry your case for you. 让我来给你提手提箱。
二、用作情态动词
1. 表示意愿,其意为“愿意”“想要”。如:
Will you accept a cheque? 你收支票吗?
2. 表示请求,意为“请……”“……好不好”。如:
Be quiet for a moment, will you? 你安静一会儿,好吗?
3. 表示可能性,意为“可能”“该是”“很可能”。如:
The car will hold six people. 这车应该可坐6个人。
That will be the postman at the door now! 现在门口准是邮递员来了!
4. 表示命令,意为“要”“得”。如:
You will carry out these instructions and report back this afternoon. 你要执行这些指示并于今日下午报告执行情况。
5. 表示习惯或倾向性,意为“总是”“惯于”。如:
Oil will float on water. 油总是浮在水面上。
This window won’t open. 这扇窗户经常打不开(老是打不开)。
She will get angry over nothing. 她老是无缘无故地发脾发。
三、一条注意
根据英语语法,在时间或条件状语从句中,谓语动词习惯上要用一般现在时表示将来意义,而不能直接使用将来时态;但是,在条件状语从句中,有时可用will表示意愿(不是表示时间)。如:
I’d be grateful if you will let me know soon. 如果你肯早点告诉我,我会感激不尽。
If you will sit down for a few moments (=Please sit down and) I’ll tell the manager you’re here. 请稍坐,我这就通知经理说您来了。
He became her senior adviser—her deputy, if you will. 他成了她的高级顾问——你要说是她的副手也未尝不可。
这样用的 if you will... 可视为英语惯用表达,其意为“如果你愿意的话”“你要是……也行(未尝不可)”。
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使役动词make用法说明
make 用作使役动词,表示“使”,使用时注意以下几点:
1. 后接不定式的复合结构作宾语时,不定式不能带 to;但是,若make为被动语态,则不定式必须带to。如:
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 虽然他曾经常把他小妹妹弄哭,但今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了。
注意,若make不表示“使”,而表示其他意思则情况不同,比如下面两句,make后的不定式不是宾语补足语,而是目的状语:
We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。
He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。
2. 其后除可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语外,还可以接以下成分:
(1) 接过去分词作宾语补足语。如:
He tried to make his ideas known. 他设法让别人知道他的想法。
She had to shout to make herself heard. 她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。
注意,其后通常不接现在分词作宾语补足语。如:
他让司机在外面等他。
误:He made the driver waiting for him outside.
正:He had the driver waiting for him outside.
(2) 接形容词作宾语补足语。如:
Have I made myself clear? 我的意思说清楚了吗?
We’ll do our best to make you happy. 我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。
(3) 接介词短语作宾语补足语。如:
Sit down and make yourself at home. 请坐,不要拘束。
3. make(使)通常不接现在分词的复合结构作宾语。要表示使某人 或某事一直做某事或处于做某事的状态中,英语可用 have sb doing sth。如:
他讲的滑稽的笑话使大家都笑了。
误:His funny joke made everyone laughing.
正:His funny joke made everyone laugh.
动词accept的用法与搭配:
1. 表示“接受”,可及物或不及物。如:
She offered him a lift and he accepted (it). 她请他坐她的车,他就领情了。
He asked her to marry him and she accepted (him). 他向她求婚,她同意了。
比较:accept 与 receive用法不同,前者通常指被动地“收到”或“接到”,而后者则指主动地“接受”。如:
She received his present, but she didn’t accept it. 她收到了他的礼物,但是没有接受。
注意,有时用词要视语言习惯而定,而不能简单地认为 receive=收到,accept=接受。如“接受礼物”说成英语是 accept a gift, 而“接受教育”却是 receive an education。
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2. 其后可接名词或代词作宾语,但一般不接不定式。要表示汉语的“接受做某事”,可用agree to do sth。如:
他的想法是那样好,我们都同意采用。
误:His idea was such a good one that we all accepted to use it.
正:His idea was such a good one that we all agreed to use it.
describe的语法特点与搭配:
1. 是及物动词,其后可以下形式的宾语:
(1) 名词:
Words cannot describe her beauty. 言语无法形容她的美丽。
Please describe her wife. 请讲讲他的妻子。
Can you describe it to [for] me? 你能把它描述给我听听吗?
(2) 疑问词引导的从句:
Please describe what you saw. 请说说你所见到的情况。
They asked me to describe exactly how it happened. 他们要我把所发生的事情准确的描述出来。
2. 通常不能接双宾语,若语义需要,要用介词 to / for 来引出间接宾语:
你能将你所见到的情况描述给我听听吗?
正:Can you describe what you saw to [for] me?
正:Can you describe to [for] me what you saw?
误:Can you describe me what you saw?
3. “把…形容为 (说成是)…”,英语用describe…as…,在此结构中as之后可接名词、形容词或动名词等:
He described himself as a doctor. 他自称是医生。
He was described as (being) very clever. 据说他很聪明。
使用suggest的常见错点:
错点一 误用不定式作宾语
要表示汉语的“建议做某事”,英语通常用 suggest doing sth,而不能用 suggest to do sth。如:
他建议坐飞机去,可我认为这样花费太大。
正:He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.
误:He suggested to go by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.
汤姆建议把房子卖了,但是安表示反对。
正:Tom suggested selling the house but Ann was against it.
正:Tom suggested to sell the house but Ann was against it.
错点二 误接不定式的复合结构作宾语
汉语通常说“建议某人做某事”,但英语习惯上不能说 suggest sb to do sth,而说suggest sb’s [sb] doing sth。也就是说,suggest 后不仅不接不定式,而且也不接不定式的复合结构。如:
他建议我们早点动身。
正:He suggested that we leave earlier.
误:He suggested us to leave earlier.
当然,我们也可以用后接 that 从句的形式来表达此意思(注意谓语用 “should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式)。如:
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
He suggests that we should all go to see the film. 他建议我们都去看电影。
比较以下同义表达:
他建议他们在没有听到事实真相之前什么都别说。
正:He suggested (should) not saying anything till they heard the facts.
正:He suggested saying nothing about it till they heard the facts.
正:He suggested that they shouldn’t say anything till they heard the facts.
错点三 混用其后宾语从句的语气
suggest 后接宾语从句时,从谓语既可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,其区别与 suggest所表示的意思有关:
1. 若suggest 表示“建议”,则其后接的 that 从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。如:
I suggested that she should go home. 我建议她回家去。
She suggested that I (should) be the leader. 她提议由我来做领导人。
2. 若suggest 表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等义,则其后接的 that 从句要用陈述语气。如:
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你的意思是说我不适合做这工作?