在英语学习或者考试中时态的题是屡出不穷,然而时间决定时态,动词表示时态,根据句子中的时间状语(或某些可表示时间的特征词、上下文等)可确定一个句子的时态,下面是英语的时态总结,大家一起来看看吧!
英语的时态总结:
(1)如果句中有always,usually,often,sometimes,every day,on Sundays,once a month等类似的时间状语,句子多用一般现在时。
(2)如果句中有yesterday(morning),last week,in 2003,three months ago,the day before yesterday等类似的时间状语,句子多用一般过去时。
(3)如果句中有tomorrow(afternoon),next year,in a few days,in a few years等时间状语,句子用一般将来时.
(4)如果句中有时间状语now,句首有“Look!”、“Listen!”、“Be quiet!”、“Hurry!”等警示语,句子多用现在进行时。
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(5)如果句中有“at that time,this time yesterday,at eight last night,the whole afternoon”等时间状语,句子多用过去进行时。
(6)如果句中有already,yet,just,ever,never等时间副词,in the past(1ast)five years,for+时间段或since+时间点或从句,句子多用现在完成时。
(7)如果句中有“when/after/before+从句,by/by the end of+(过去的)时间”,多用过去完成时。
when习惯上不与现在完成时连用:
■when 表示“何时”“什么时候”时,可用于过去时态或将来时态,但通常不用于现在完成时。如:
你什么时候和他首次见面的?
误:When have you first met him?
正:When did you first meet him?
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■但是,since when 可以与现在完成时连用。如:
Since when have you lived here? 你从什么时候起住在这里的?
Since when have you become active? 你什么时候开始变得积极了?
Since when do you read newspapers? 你什么时候开始读报的?
That was in 1949, since when things have been better. 那时是1949年,从那以后情况就好些了。
ago习惯上不与现在完成时连用:
■在通常情况下 ago 只与过去时连用,而不与现在完成时连用。因为ago指的是多久以前的过去时间,而现在完成时表示的动作虽然发生在过去,但它强调的是与现在的联系或对现在的影响,因此两者不能用在一起。如:
我两个月前见过他。
误:I have seen him two months ago.
正:I saw him two months ago.
■但是,有时为了行文的需要或使句子生动,ago可用于类似以下这样的句子:
I had thought that he had died at least 20 years ago. 我原以为他至少在20年前就已经去世了。
■以下句子 ago 虽然连用了动词的“完成式”,但并不是“完成时”。如:
If she’d had the chance, she’d rather have lived 100 years ago. 如有可能,她宁愿生活在100年以前。
If I had been Jane, I’d have walked out on him years ago. 如果我是珍妮,我几年前就离开他了。
in case 后从句的时态:
■原则上说,若主句为现在时态,则从句也用现在时态;主句为过去时态,从句也用过去时态。如:
I always keep candles in the house in case there is a power cut. 我家里常备有蜡烛,以防断电。
I wrote down her address in case I forgot it. 我记下了她的住址,免得忘了。
He wasn’t going to use his car in case somebody recognized it. 他不打算用自己的汽车,因为怕有人认出他的车。
■有时从句也可用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气(不管主句为现在时态还是过去时态)。如:
I don’t let him go out in this weather in case he should catch cold. 我不让他这种天气出去以防他会感冒。
I’ve bought a chicken in case your friend should stay to lunch. 我买了一只鸡,免得你的朋友万一留下来吃午饭没菜。
■注意,当主句为将来时态时,从句谓语不能用将来时态,而要用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:
I’ll keep a seat for you in case you change your mind. 我给你留一个座位,以防你会改变主意。