在初中阶段，我们就学会了好几种时态，为了更好的备考不妨对时态总结一下用法。下面是英语初中时态总结，大家一起来看看吧!
英语初中时态总结:
现在完成时
一、构成:
1) 肯定形式:S. have/has +动词的过去分词done +O.
2) 否定形式:S. have/has+ not+ 动词的过去分词done +O.
3) 疑问形式:Have/has+ S. + 动词的过去分词 done +O.
二、用法:
1) 表示过去发生的或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。如:
---Have you had your lunch yet?
---Yes, I have. I’ve just had it.
I have already watched the TV play.
---Have you found your lost pen yet?
---No, I haven’t found it yet.
2) 表示动作或状态在过去已经开始,持续到现在,也许还要持续下去,常和for, since 连用,表示表示持续的动作或状态多为延续性动词。since+点时间,点动作,for+段时间。
We have lived in Beijing since 2000.
It is two years since the old man died. (it is +一段时间+since从句,从句中的谓语动词用瞬间动词的一般过去式)
I have been in Beijing for 10 years.
3) 几个副词在现在完成时中的用法
a. just 刚刚,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过分之间。如:
I have just come back home.
b. ever 曾经,用于疑问句或否定句中。
Have your ever been to Shanghai?
c. never 从来没有,常与before连用。
I have never traveled by plane before.
d. before 以前,指过去不确定的某个时间,总是放在句末,不受句型的限制。如:
I haven’t heard of it before.
4) 句型:
a. It is the first/second time… that…
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
b. This is the …that…
This is the best film that I’ve (ever) seen.
eg. --- Have you ____ been to our town before?
--- No, this is the first time I ____ here. (D)
A. even; come B. even; have come C. ever; come D. ever; have come
注:延续性动作和瞬间动作的区别。(瞬间动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用,即动作不发生的状态可以是延续的)
I haven’t received his letter for almost a month.
三、瞬间动词与延续性动词的转换
open be open ; get up be up
close be closed ; wake up be awake
begin/start be on ; fall asleep be asleep
come be ; become be
died be dead ; arrive/reach be
eg. Tom and Jim ____friends since they met each other for the first time five years ago. (D)
A. were B. have become C. have made D. have been
He joined the League ____. (A)
A. two years ago. B. for two years
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过去完成时
一、构成:
1) 肯定形式:S. had +动词过去分词done+ O.
2) 否定形式:S had not +动词过去分词done+ O.
3) 疑问形式:Had S.动词过去分词done+ O.
二、用法:
1)表示到过去某个时间已经完成的动作或状态。即“过去的过去”,过去某动作对过去留有影响。过去完成时在句子中使用时一般必须有一个或暗含一个发生在过去的动作与其相比较,使用过去完成时的动词动作发生在该过去的动作之前。
2)与过去完成时连用的时间状语有:before, until, when, after, once, as soon as, by, by last week, by the end of last year 等。
She had left by the time I arrived.
He had lived in Shanghai for ten years before he came here.
Laoli died yesterday. He had been a good friend of mine.
3)表示意向的动词,如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等,用过去完成时表示“原本…,未能…”。如:
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn’t.
一般现在时的基本用法与特殊用法:
■一般现在时的基本用法
一般现在时主要表示经常性或习惯性的动作、说话时某人或某物的特征或状态，以及客观真理。常与always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, every day等时间状语连用。如:
I often work at night. 我经常在夜间工作。
Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough. 足够热时，液体变为气体。
However cold it is, she always goes swimming. 不管天多冷，她总是去游泳。
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■一般现在时的特殊用法
当时间、条件、方式及让步状语从句中的谓语动词表示将来的动作或状态时，习惯上要用一般现在时表示。如:
If you come, we will wait for you. 如果你来，我们就等你。
When he gets here, the work will be finished. 当他到这儿时，工作将做完了。
Though he disagrees with us, he will do as we decided. 尽管他不赞成我们当观点，他还是会按我们的决定去做。
另外，在make sure(弄清楚)，make certain(弄清楚)，take care(注意，当心)，be careful(注意，当心)，mind(注意)，watch(注意)等后的that从句中通常也只用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:
Make sure you come back soon. 你要保证快点回来。
We must take care that no one sees us. 我们必须注意别让人看见我们。
Be careful that you don’t hurt her feelings. 当心别伤了她的感情。
Watch that the baby doesn’t go near the heater. 注意别让宝宝接近加热器。
Mind you read the examination questions carefully before you begin to answer them. 在答题前要注意仔细阅读考题。
还有，在it doesn’t matter, I don’t care, I don’t mind 等结构(以及类似结构)后的名词性从句也通常用一般现在时表示将来意义。如:
It doesn’t matter where we go on holiday. 我们去哪儿度假都行。
I don’t care whether we win or lose. 我不在乎我们是赢还是输。
一般过去时的四种重要用法:
用法一:基本用法
一般过去时由动词的过去式构成。主要表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，常与when, then, at that time, just now, a moment ago, three days ago, last year, yesterday, in 2006等连用，但更多地是通过上下文来表明时间。如:
They gave it to me just now. 这是他们刚才给我的。
He left for New York a week ago. 他一周以前动身去了纽约。
We spent three days in sightseeing. 我们花了三天时间观光游览。
She lived a long life and died a natural death. 她活了很长，无疾而终。
用法二:表示过去的习惯
一般过去时也与used to一样，可以表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或习惯性动作。如:
She came to see us every day. 她每天都来看我们。
I smoked forty cigarettes a day till I gave up. 我戒烟前一天要抽40支烟。
用法三:表示“本想”
think, mean等表示“想法”的动词的过去时有时可以表示过去未曾实现的想法，通常译为“本想”。如:
We thought to return early. 我们本想早点回来的。
I meant to get up early, but forgot to set the alarm. 我本想要早起，但忘记了上闹钟。
I wanted to see the exhibition but the queue put me off. 我本想去看展览会，但是排队的人太多，使我不想看了。
注:更多的时候是用过去完成时表示以上用法。如:
I had meant to come, but something happened. 我本想来，但有事就没有来。
I had intended to speak, but time did not permit. 我本想发言，可是时间不允许。
用法四:用于揭示真相
在特定语境中，当要揭示某情况的真相时，我们习惯上要用一般过去时。如:
It’s not as big as I expected. 那东西不像我预料的那么大。(不能说:... as I have expected.)
You’re older than I thought. 你的岁数比我想的要大一些。(不能说:…than I have thought.)
You won’t come? But you promised! 你不会来了?可是你答应过要来的呀!(不能说:But you have promised!)
过去进行时的五种用法:
■基本用法
过去进行时由“was / were +现在分词”构成，主要用于表示在过去某一时刻或某一阶段正在发生的动作。如:
I was having a bath when the phone rang. 我正在洗澡，突然电话铃响了。
While I was working in the garden, my wife was cooking dinner. 我在园子里干活时，我妻子正在做饭。
■表示过去将来
正如现在进行时可以表示将来安排好的活动或事件一样，过去进行时也可以表示为过去的将来安排好的活动或事件。如:
He Was busy packing, for he was leaving that night. 他那时正忙着打点行李，因为那天晚上他就要走了。
■表示重复的动作
正如现在进行时与always, constantly, continually等副词连用可以表示重复的动作一样，过去进行时与这些副词也可表示过去重复的动作，并且也常常带有感情色彩。如:
When he worked here, Roger was always making mistakes. 罗杰在这儿工作时老出差错。
■表示原因
过去进行时可用来申述原因或用作借口，这种用法常用在口语中。如:
She went to her doctor yesterday. She was having a lot of trouble with her skin. 她昨天去看病了。她的皮肤病还很重。
■表示动作背景
过去进行时可用来为一个或一系列动作的发生提供背景。如:
He fell asleep while he was reading a newspaper. 他在看报纸时睡着了。
It was snowing as the medical team made its way to the front. 医疗队奔赴前线时，天正下着雪。
注:下面一句中的过去进行时也表示背景，但这种过去进行时常用在主句中，后接的when从句中的谓语动词常用过去一般时，表意外之事。如:
I was leaving the office when the telephone rang. 我正要离开办公室，电话铃响了。