时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。它是表示行为、动作、状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式,下面是英语时态解析,大家一起来看看吧!
英语时态解析:
一般过去时
动词+ed, 过去某个时间发生的动作
I fucked a dog. 我日了狗了。
过去进行时
was/were doing, 过去的时间正在发生的动作
I was fucking a dog just now. 我刚才正日狗。
过去完成时
had done, 表示在过去某个时间之前就已经发生的动作
I had fucked a dog. 我(已经)日了狗了(这句中文有点难哈哈)。
主要是有一种“过去的过去”这样的逻辑关系,举个正经例子吧,
I had peed before anyone noticed. 在别人注意到之前我已经尿了。
这里anyone noticed是过去,I had peed是发生在过去的过去。
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过去完成进行时
had been doing, 表示在过去的某个时间点之前正在发生的动作,这个和过去完成时有点像,也是强调过去的过去,区别就是这个还强调“正在进行”
I had been fucking a dog after I broke up with my girlfriend. 分手之后我一直在日狗。
一般将来时
will/be going to do/be to do/be about to,
I will fuck a dog. 我要日狗。
国外生活经历觉得be to do比很少用一般用的话就显得比较正规,总之口语中很少听到。一般都是说”i’m going to...”更口语一点就是”I’m gonna...”. “be about to”的话,和going to的区别就是be about to会有一种“我正要”去做什么什么的感觉,比如“I’m just about to leave”就是“我正要走”;但是”I’m going to leave”就是“我准备走”。
过去将来时
would do,过去的某个时间将要发生的事儿,
Last week I said I would fuck a dog. 上周我说我要日狗。
将来进行时
will be doing, 强调将来的某个时间正在发生的事儿,和一般将来时的区别就是更加强调“正在”
I will be fucking a dog next week. 下周我要日狗。
将来完成时
will have done, 强调将来得某个时间发生的一个完成的或者延续的动作,
I will have fucked a dog next week. 下周我要日了狗了。
将来完成进行时
will have been doing,强调将来的某个时间发生的正在进行的持续的动作,
I will have been fucking a dog till next week. 我要日狗到下周。
过去将来进行时
would be doing, 强调过去的某个时间将要发生的事儿,
I said I would be fucking a dog yesterday. 我昨儿个说我要日狗了。
过去将来完成时
would have done, 常见于虚拟语气,希望发生但没有发生的动作,
I would have said that i love u. 我应该说我爱你。(一言不合就变话风...)
过去将来进行完成时
would have been doing, 常见于虚拟语气,和过去将来完成时类似,不过更加强调动作正在进行
I would have been kissing u when we hugged. 我应该在我们拥抱时亲你的。
现在进行时表将来有哪些特点:
1. 用现在进行时表将来通常含有“意图”“安排”“打算”等义。这种现在进行时比较生动,给人一种期待感,通常用于表最近或较近的将来,所用动词通常表示位置移动的动词。如:
Annie is coming to supper this evening. 安妮今晚要来吃饭。
I’m going to Shanghai tomorrow. 我明天要去上海。
The guest is leaving by train tonight. 客人今晚坐火车走。
The boys are starting school on Monday. 男孩子们星期一就要开学了。
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2. 表将来的现在进行时除用于转移动词外,有时也可用于某些非移动动词。如:
Bob and Bill are meeting tonight. 鲍勃和比尔今晚要会面。
What are you doing next weekend? 下个周末你准备干什么?
She is buying a new bike soon. 她不久将买一辆新自行车。
We are having a few guests tonight. 今晚我们有几个客人来。
I am reading a paper tomorrow. 我明天要读一篇论文。
3. 用现在进行时表将来偶尔也可表示较远的将来。如:
When I grow up, I’m joining the army. 我长大了要参军。
4. 现在进行时有时表示即将要发生的动作或情况。如:
I’m leaving. 我就走。
Hurry up, it’s already very late.—OK, I’m coming. 快点,已经很晚了。——好的,我就来。
Where are the boys? 一They’re coming. 小伙子们呢? ——他们马上就来。
5. 表将来的现在进行时有时含有“决心”的意思,多用在否定结构中。如:
I’m not going. 我不走了。
I’m not waiting any longer. 我不再等了。
有时也用在肯定结构中,如:
I’m backing out. 我要打退堂鼓了。
6. 用这种现在进行时与对方讲话时便成了命令,不过语气比较温和,如:
You’re not driving my car again. 不许你再用我的汽车了。
You’re finishing [going to finish] that soup if you sit there all afternoon. 你要是在那儿坐一下午,可得把汤全喝光。
表示动作最近发生的现在完成时:
下列副词可以表明动作等是最近发生的:
■just (刚刚)
I’ve just tidied up the kitchen. 我刚把厨房收拾干净。
■recently (最近)
He’s recently arrived from New York. 他最近从纽约来。
■already (已经):用于疑问句和肯定陈述句
Have you typed my letter already?—Yes, I’ve already typed it. 我的信你已经打好了吗?——是的,我已经打好了。
■yet (已经):用于疑问句,询问所希望听到的事:
Have you passed your driving test yet? 你已经通过驾驶考核了吗?
yet亦可用于否定句中,表示未做但希望做的事:
I hayen’t passed my driving test yet. 我还没有通过驾驶考核。
■still (还),at last (终于),finally (最终):
I still haven’t passed my driving test. 我仍未通过驾驶考核。(尽管我作出了努力)
I have passed my driving test at last. 我终于通过驾驶考核了。(经过我的努力)
交际英语中常用“过去时”表示“现在”:
在交际用语中,说话人为了表示礼貌或客气,常用过去时态来表达现在的情况。例如:
Would you please do me a favor?
Would you mind if I opened the door?
I’d appreciate it if you could be quiet.
Wouldn’t it be great if you explained the reason to us?
有些动词包括情态动词,其过去时态表示现在的情况,属于一种委婉表达。除了would之外,could和might也同样可以用来表达现在的婉转请求、建议、疑问或看法。例如:
Could you tell me the way to the station? 请告诉我去车站的路好吗?
Could I speak to you in private a moment, John? 约翰,我可以单独跟你说一会儿话吗
Oh, how could you be so stupid? 哎呀,你怎么这么蠢啊!
It's boring to walk all alone. Couldn't you go for walks with your friends? 一个人走路很没意思。你可以和朋友们一起去散步呀?
Might I ask what you're doing here? 我可不可以问一下,您在这里干什么?
You might as well bring me a chocolate next time.你下次最好给我带块巧克力来。
I might well regret it later. 我很可能以后会对此后悔的。
The paper says that it might rain tomorrow. 报上说明天可能下雨。
I have got a lot of books that might interest you. 我有许多书,也许你感兴趣呢。
The drivers, as you might imagine, didn't care much for that. 和想象中的一样,这些司机对此并不太在意。
【比较】
Could I use your telephone? (意味着I'm not sure if you will allow me to use your phone.)
Might I use your telephone? (意味着If I don't break it, would you mind my using your phone?)
此外,一些表示“想法,愿望”的动词,如:wonder, hope, think, want等,它们的过去时态可以表示现在婉转的想法或愿望。
I was wondering if you could lend me a hand. (是现在的委婉建议)
We hoped you would do us a favor now. (指现在婉转的希望)
I thought you might like this flower.(指现在的情况,但不敢肯定。)
I wanted to ask you a question now.(担心对方不给回答,属于婉转。)
Did you wish to see me at present? (属现在的委婉请求。)