动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。下面是八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理，大家一起来看看吧!
八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理:
一、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如:
无论是形式主语,还是形式宾语,都要用it,不能用其他词。切记!
young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each challenge... ()
it是形式主语,真正的主语是文中的划线部分。
head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.()
to make requests politely is important.()
划线部分看成三单形式。
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如:
为什么大家写不出长句子?没有大量的积累。多背诵,多思考。
best way to improve your English is to join an English club.()
first thing is to greet the teacher. ()
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三、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:
要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),
期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),
宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),
希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
如:
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. ()
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.()
3)Id love to visit Mexico.()
2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach,tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如:
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?()
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. ()
3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find/ make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如:
这个知识点是重点,大家要记住。这样的句子在作文中是提分点。写出复杂的语法,让阅卷人眼前一亮。加分!!!
I find it difficult to remember everything. ()
4.既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like,love等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。如:
1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.()
2)I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. ()
begin用了进行时态,后面只接不定式作宾语,表示事情刚开始,还要继续下去。
3)I like to eat vegetables. ()
感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget,remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接v-ing形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事,to
do是目的状语;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。try to do尽力做,try doing试试看;go on to do接着做另外的事,go on doing继续做原来的事。如:
1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.()
2)I stopped using them last year. ()
四、用作定语
1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时,用动词不定式的主动式。如:
1)I have so many chores to do today.()
2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. ()
3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to watch.()
也就是说,动词不定式可以做定语。
2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时,
如:1)He needs time to do homework.()
2)Is that a good place to hang out?()
3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.()
3.在“there be...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象,常用主动式。如:
1)There’s just so much to see and do here.()
2)... but there are still many things to do there.()
五、用作补语
动词不定式作补语时,在主动语态句里补宾语,在被动语态句里补主语,句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。如果不定式是to be done,句子的宾语或主语就是逻辑承受者。
1.在主、被动语态句里用带to的动词不定式作补语的动词主要有:要求允许提议(ask, allow, permit,advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect, suppose, invite, encourage),教导告诉想要(teach, tell,want),等待希望愿意(wait for, wish, would like / love)。如:
1)Id invite her to have dinner at my house.()
2)Teenagers should be allowed to choose their own clothes. ()
3)Email English is supposed to be used on mobile phones.()
2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to。
多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”:look at, observe, see, watch,三“让”:have, let, make,二“听”:hear, listen to,一“感觉”:feel,一“注意”:notice。如:
1)This picture makes me feel tense!()
2)Of course we want to see Liu Yu achieve his dreams.()
后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。一般说来,带to表间接帮助,不带to表直接帮助。在被动语态句里,或者用不定式的否定式作补语时要带to。如:
1)... they can help you to compare two different products so that you can buy the one you really need.()
2)Using email English helps you write quickly. ()
said, be sure, happen, seem等后面可以接带to的动词不定式作主语的补语。如:
1)He doesn’t seem to have many friends.()
2)Be sure not to miss them if they come to a city near you.()
六、用作状语
1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。如:
1)In order not to offend people, learning about language etiquette is just as important as learning grammar or vocabulary.()
2)A group of young people got together to(in order to / so as to) discuss this question. ()
to do / in order to do / so as to do用作目的状语,置句末时都可以用,置句首时只用to do / in order
to do。so as to do一般不置于句首,可以引导结果状语从句,in order to do不引导结果状语从句。
2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+to do...”结构句中。如:
1)My dogs name is “Lucky”—a good name for him because I feel very lucky to have him.()
2)On Monday he told a radio interviewer that he had run out of money to buy old bikes. ()
3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enough to...”结构句中。如:
1)Then I’m too tired to do well. What should I do?()
2)The room needs to be big enough for three people to live in.()
4.有些动词不定式作状语,常说明前面形容词的性质和特性。动词不定式与句子的主语有逻辑的动宾关系。动词不定式前面的形容词一般是:cheap,
dangerous, difficult, easy, fun, hard, interesting, necessary。不定式常用主动式表被动意义。
... the mistakes you made are necessary for you to learn and understand.()
这类句子中的动词不定式可改为主语。
5.独立动词不定式多用作插入语,表示说话人的心理状态或对事情的看法。如:
1)Id like to stay healthy, but to be honest, I only eat food that tastes good.()
2)To begin with, she spoke too quickly, and I couldn’t understand every word. ()
动词不定式省略只保留to 的场合:
1.不定式作某些动词的宾语时,这些动词常见的有:love, like, care, wish, hope, expect, prefer,refuse, mean ,try , oblige , advise , persuade , agree , want , afford , forget ,remember , try , manage 等。如:
a)— You should have thanked her before you left . —I meant to ,but when I was leaving I couldn’t find her anywhere.—你本该在离开前谢谢她。—我本打算这么做,但当我就要离开的时候我却找不到她了。(2000 上海春)
b) You can do it this way if you like to .如果你想做,你可以这么做。
2.不定式作某些动词的宾语补足语或主语补足语时,这些动词常见的有:ask , tell ,advise, force, persuade, wish,allow, permit , forbid ,expect, order ,warn 等。如 :
a) The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street ,but his mother told him not to. 男孩想在街上骑他的自行车,但他母亲不让。(NMET1995)
b) She wants to come but her parents won’t allow her to (come).
她想来,可是她父母不让。
3.不定式在句中作某些形容词的状语时,常见的形容词有:happy, glad ,eager , anxious , willing , ready等。如:
— I will be away on a business trip .Could you mind looking after my cat ?
— Not at would be happy to (look after your cat).
—我要出差,你能帮我照顾一下我的猫吗?—没关系,我很愿意。
4.不定式作某些复合谓语时,常见结构如:be able to, be going to, have to, ought to, used to等。如:
He doesn’t like fish but he used to 他现在不喜欢吃鱼,但过去喜欢。
动名词和动词不定式的用法:
动名词和动词不定式可以做句子主语、宾语或表语。
动名词的形式一般为动词的ing形式;动词不定式一般是在动词前加上to即可。
1.用做主语
To get up early is hard.
Getting up early is hard.
早起很难。
2.用作宾语
I don't like to get up early.
I don't like getting up early.
我不喜欢早起。
2.用作表语
The first thing he does is to get up early.
The first thing he does is getting up early.
他做的第一件事情就是早起。
或许还有人不明白什么叫表语。
表语就是位于系动词之后的、用来说明主语的状态、性质、特征的句子成分。
系动词有很多,最常见的就是be,其他的还有become,seem,appear, look,feel,get等。
动词不定式除了具有上述的语法功能之外,还有许多其他的用法。其中有两个尤为重要。
3.动词不定式做副词
I study hard to get scholarships.
我为了取得奖学金而努力学习。
He had a sleep to relax.
他为了放松一下,睡了一觉。
She keeps running to get home early.
为了回家早一些,她不停地跑。
4.动词不定式做形容词
He has many clothes to wash.
他有很多要洗的衣服。
I don't have any books to read.
我没有要读的书。
You have nothing to do.
你无事可做。
常用动词不定式短语:
's time to do sth./It's time for sth 该做某事的时候了
eg:Now it's time to sing alone. 现在是独自唱下去的时候了。
't wait to do sth. 迫不及待要做某事
eg:We can't wait to have a try. 我们等不及想要常试一下了。
/tell sb. (not ) to do sth. 要求/告诉某人(不)做某事
eg:Did I not tell you to help robbery/homicide? 难道我没有告诉你要去协助调查抢劫谋杀案么?
sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事
eg:As long as I am alive, I'll not allow you to do that.
只要我活着就不允许你做那件事。
supposed to do sth. 应该做某事
eg:I did everything right, everything I was supposed to do.
我做的一切都是正确的,我做了一切我该做的事。
like/want (sb.) to do sth. 想要做某事
eg:I would like some coffee. 我想要一点儿咖啡。
sth/nothing to do 与……有关/与……无关
eg:This thing has nothing to do with you. 这事和你一点关系也没有。
it +adj. to do sth. 发觉做某事……
eg:I find it difficult to live with him. 我发现跟他生活在一起是很困难的。
to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事,而不愿做某事
eg:I prefer to do hard work rather than do nothing at home.
我宁愿干重活而不愿在家无所事事。
's +adj. for sb. to do sth. 做某事对某人来说……
eg:It's difficult for women to get jobs in high position.
对妇女来说得到一个高职位的工作是很难的。
's better/best to do sth. 最好做某事
eg:Generally, it's better to apply filler materials in thin layers.
一般来说,最好适用于薄层填充材料。
takes sb/sth. to do sth. 某人做某事用了一些时间
eg:It takes some time to cultivate a new friendship. 建立一段新的友谊需要一段时间。