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  • 终于发现英语实义动词用法

    实义动词和助动词是根据动词在句子中的含义和作用来划分的。下面小编告诉你英语实义动词用法,大家一起来看看吧! 英语实义动词用法: 1. 实义动词 它指的是那些意义完全且能够独立作谓语的动词。如: He lives quite near. 他住得很近。 I like tea while she likes coffee. 我喜欢茶而她喜欢咖啡。 He both speaks and writes French. 他既会说也会写法语。 以上各句中的lives, like, likes, speaks, writes等均为实义动词,且在句中用作谓语。
    [图片0] 2. 助动词 它与实义动词相反,指的是那些本身无词汇意义或意义不完全,不能单独作谓语的动词。助动词根据它的不同用途也可分为好几类,如用于构成进行时态、完成时态、将来时态等的时态助动词be, have, will, shall等;用于构成被动语态的语态助动词be;用于表示不同情态的情态动词。如: He is looking for a job. 他在找一份工作。 I have almost finished the book. 这本书我几乎已经看完了。 Tomorrow will be the first day of autumn. 明天是秋天的第一天。 He was struck by a stone. 他被石头击中。 You can come some other time. 你可以在其他时间来。 第一句中的is为时态助动词,它与现在分词looking一起构成现在进行时;第二句中的have也是时态助动词,它与过去分词finished一起构成现在完成时;第三句中的will仍为时态助动词,它与动词原形be一起构成一般将来时;第四句中的was为语态助动词,它与过去分词struck一起构成被动语态;最后一句中的can为情态助动词,在此表示“能力”,意为“能……”。 动词appear的用法: 1. 表示“出现”“露面”“到达”等,是不及物动词,因此既不能后接宾语,也不能用于被动语态。如: 雨后天空出现彩虹。 正:A rainbow appeared in the sky after the rain. 误:A rainbow was appeared in the sky after the rain. 2. 表示“似乎”“好像”,是连系动词,其后可接形容词、名词、不定式等作表语。如: He appears (to be) quite rich 他似乎相当富有。 He appears to be living in the area. 他似乎就住在这一带。 It appears a true story. 它似乎是一个真实的故事。 3. 在 it appears 后可接 that 从句或 as if 从句。如: It appears that he forgot to sign the letter. 他似乎忘记在信上署名了。 It appears as if she’s lost interest in her job. 看来她对自己的工作已失去兴趣。 后接 that 从句时,有时可用 so, not 代之。如: A:Are they reliable? 他们可靠吗? B:It appears so (not). 似乎是可靠的(不可靠)。 4. 有时可与there be句式搭配使用。如: There appears to have been an accident. 好像出了事故。 There appears to be a problem with the oil pressure. 看来是油压出了问题。 5. 比较以下同义句型: He appears to have been waiting a long time.= It appears that he has been waiting a long time. 看来他已经等了很久了。 There appears to have been a mistake.= It appears that there has been a mistake. 看来一直就有错。 动词answer的用法: 1. 用作动词,除表示“回答”“答复”外,还可表示“接(电话)”或对门铃等声响作出反应等(常与call, bell, telephone, door, door-bell等连用)。如: Nobody answered my call for help. 没有人理会我的呼救。 I can’t answer the telephone. I am having a bath. 我不能接电话,我正在洗澡。 Don’t expect her to answer the doorbell at eight o’clock on Sunday morning. She won’t be up. 星期日早上8点钟时,别指望她听见门铃响会来开门。她那时还没有起床呢。 2. 注意以下两个有用短语的用法: (1) answer for 的用法: ① 对……负责。如: You’ll have to answer for your carelessness. 你得对你的疏忽负责任。 ② 对……受责,承担……的后果。如: All these things are to be answered for. 所有这一切都是要偿还的。 ③ 代表某人或支持某事物而讲话。如: I agree but I can’t answer for my friends. 我同意,但我不能代表我的朋友也同意。 Knowing her well I can certainly answer for her honesty. 我很了解她,当然能担保她诚实。 其后可接名词或代词,一般不接 that 从句,若要接这类从句,通常应先接形式宾语 it。如: I can’t answer for his honesty.= I can’t answer for it that he is honest. 我不能保证他是诚实的。 (2) answer to的用法: ① 对……负责,向某人解释。如: Who do you answer to in your new job? 你做的新工作要向谁负责? ② 对……有反应,顺从。如: The dog answers to his name. 这狗听到自己的名字就有反应。 ③ 由……控制:The plane answered smoothly to the controls. 这架飞机操纵自如。 3. 用作名词,表示“回答”“答复”“答案”“回应”等,注意以下各例中 answer 后接的介词是 to 而不是 of: He got the answer to the riddle as quick as a flash. 他一下子就猜中了谜底。 I wish I knew the answer to your question. 我但愿知道你的问题的答案。 My answer to his threat was to hit him on the nose. 我对他的威胁的回答是照他的鼻子打去。 4. 用于短语 in answer to(作为回应)。如: He came at once in answer to my phone call. 他一接到我的电话就来了。 In answer to your recent inquiry, the book you mention is not in stock. 您近日询问的书暂时无货,谨此奉复。 5. 比较answer与reply:两者均可表示“回答”,但answer 属常用词,多用于一般性应答,而reply则较正式,多指经过考虑而作出答复,若不细分,两者可换用。但是,answer可自由地用作及物或不及物动词,而reply除后接that从句或引出直接引语是及物动词外,一般只用作不及物动词,其后若接名词或代词作宾语,应借助介词to:answer [reply to] a question 回答问题。 动词agree的用法: 1. 汉语的“同意某人做某事”,英语中不能直译为 agree sb to do sth, 而应根据情况改用其他结构。如: He agreed to let me go home early. 他同意让我早些回家。 不能说:He agreed me go home early. He agreed to my leaving early on Friday. 他同意我星期五一早走。 不能说:He agreed me to leave early on Friday. 2. 注意以下几个短语的用法(尤其注意其介词搭配): (1) agree on / upon ① 取得一致意见,达成协议。主要指双方通过协商而意见一致。如: We agreed on a price for the car. 我们就车价达成了一致意见。 We cannot agree on the budget estimate. 我们不能在概算问题上取得一致。 ② 同意。其后通常接动名词,表示同意做某事。如: Tom agreed on helping us. 汤姆同意帮助我们。 He agreed on lending us some money. 他同意借给我们一些钱。 (2) agree to ① 同意(打算等)。主要指同意某一打算、安排、计划等。如: We agreed to their arrangement. 我们同意了他们的安排。 She agreed to marriage. 她同意结婚。 ② 同意或接受(建议等)。其后尤其接suggestion, plan, proposal等名词,与accept同义。如: Do you think he will agree to my suggestion? 你认为他会接受我的建议吗? We are glad to agree to your plan. 我们很高兴同意你方的计划。 ③ 同意(做某事)。其后既可接动词原形(to是不定式符号),也可接动名词(一般有逻辑主语,to是介词)。如: He agree to go with us. 他同意和我们一起去。 I never agreed to Mary marrying him. 我从来没同意玛丽嫁给他。 (3) agree with ① 同意。主要指同意某人,或同意某人的意见、想法、解释等。如: John agrees with this idea. 约翰同意这个想法。 I agree with you about his latest book—it’s awful. 我同意你对他那本新书的意见——很糟糕! ② 对……适宜。主要指食物、天气、工作等方面的适宜。如: The weather doesn’t agree with me. 这种天气对我不适宜。 I love prawns, but unfortunately they don’t agree with me. 我喜欢吃对虾,但遗憾的是吃了会不舒服。 ③ 与……一致。如: What he does does not agree with what he says. 他言行不一致。 A verb must agree with its subject in person and number. 动词必须和它的主语在人称和数方面保持一致。