学好了动词,就相当于学好了英语。的确是这样,英语动词在初中阶段可谓举足轻重。下面是初中英语常见动词用法辨析,大家一起来看看吧!
初中英语常见动词用法辨析:
arrive 不及物动词,arrive in +大地点(village),arrive at +小地点(Beijing)
get get to +地点名词 How do you usually get to school?
reach 及物动词 She reached the office at 7 o’clock
borrow 借入,常用短语:borrow sth from sb从某人那里借来某物
lend 借出,常用短语:lend sth to sb把某物借给某人
keep 借;保存 延续性动词,表示长时间的保存
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dress穿 dress sb给某人穿衣服;dress sb up 打扮某人
put on 穿上,戴上,表动作
wear 穿着,强调状态=be in
see 看见,强调结果
look 看,强调动作,不及物动词,后接at才能接宾语
watch看(电视,比赛,电影)
read 看书,报纸,杂志等,表示阅读
bring 带来,拿来,指从别的地方把东西带到说话人处
take 带走,拿走,表示把东西从说话人处带到远处
carry扛,搬,没有方向性,
fetch 去取,去拿,表示往返拿东西
die 死,是不及物动词 Her grandfather died last year. 她的祖父去年去世了
dead 死的,形容词 Her grandfather had been dead for 2 years 她的祖父已经去世两年了
death 死亡,名词 His death was a great lose to China 他的死对中国是一个极大的损失
dying 要死的,垂死的,形容词 The poor old man was dying 那个可怜的老人快死了
cost, pay, spend用法“五辨”:
一、辨主语
虽然三者均可表示“花费”,但所用主语不同:cost 的主语通常是事或物(包括形式主语 it),不能是人;spend 的主语只能是人,不能是事或物;take 的主语可以是事或物(包括形式主语 it),也可以是人。如:
The computer cost (me) $2000. 这台电脑花了(我) 2000 美元。
It costs $1000 a year to run a car. 使用一辆车每年要花1000美元。
I have spent all day looking for you. 我花了一整天找你。
It took me an hour to write the letter. 我写这封信花了一个小时。
The letter took me an hour (to write). (译文同上)
I took an hour to write the letter. (译文同上)
注:若 cost 不是表示“花费”,而是表示客观上地或被动地“耗费”,则也可用人作主语。如:
Smokers cost the government a lot of money every year. 抽烟的人每年要耗费政府不少钱。
二、辨宾语
cost 的宾语通常是钱,take 的宾语通常是时间,而 spend 的宾语则可以是时间或钱。如:
How much did it cost to build the bridge? 建这座桥花了多少钱?
It took her two hours to walk to the station. 走路去车站花了她两小时。
He spends much time (money) on books. 他花了很多时间读(钱买)书。
注:cost 有时也用于时间,但通常只用于笼统时间(一般不用于具体明确的时间)。如:
Making experiments like this costs much time and labour. 做这样的实验要花很多时间和劳力。
按传统语法,take 的宾语通常是时间,但在现代英语中,用钱作其宾语的现象已很普遍。如:
It takes a lot of money to buy a house. 买一座房子要花一大笔钱。
三、辨句型
从句型结构来看。三者的通常句型为:
sth costs (sb) money 某物花某人多少钱
it costs (sb) money to do sth 做某事花某人多少钱
sb spends time (money) on sth 某人在某一方面花多少钱
sb spends time (money) in [on] doing sth 某人在做某事方面花多少钱
it takes sb time (money) to do sth = it takes time (money) for sb to do sth 做某事花某人多少时间或钱
sth takes sb time (money) to do 某事花某人多少时间或钱去做
sb takes time (money) to do 某人花多少时间或钱去做某事
四、辨语态
三者在表示“花费”时,cost 不能用于被动语态,take 通常不用于被动语态,而 spend 则可以用于被动语态。如:
误:Thirty dollars was cost by the coat.
误:Two hours was taken to do the work.
正:Two hours was spent on the work. 做这工作花了两个小时。
五、辨引申
三者均可用于比喻用法中,但含义不同:
1. cost 指付出代价(劳力、麻烦、精力、生命等)。如:
Careless driving will cost you your life. 粗心开车会要你的命。
Just ring him up. It’ll cost you nothing. 给他打个电话,这不费什么事。
2. spend 表示“消耗”“用完”。如:
I’ll spend no more breath on him. 我不会再和他费唇舌。
He spent great efforts to help me. 他费了很大的劲儿来帮我。
3. take 表示需要人力(精力、劳力等)。如:
It takes patience. 做这工作需要耐心。
It takes two to make a quarrel. 一个巴掌拍不响。
It took three men to lift the box. 抬这个箱子要 3 个人。
动词hesitate用法说明:
一、基本用法
1. 犹豫,踌躇:
She hesitated for a moment. 她犹豫了一会儿。
She hesitated on account of the expense. 她对费用有些犹豫。
2. 不情愿:
I hesitate to disagree with you. 我不愿意和你意见相左。
I hesitate to spend so much money on clothes. 我可不大愿意花这么多钱买衣裳。
二、口语用法
在口语中用于 Don’t hesitate to do sth,主要用于鼓励某人,意思是“做某事不要犹豫”。如:
Don’t hesitate to tell us if you have a problem. 你有问题就直截了当地告诉我们。
If you ever need anything, please don’t hesitate to contact me. 你若需要什么东西,请直接与我联系。
三、用法说明
1. 后接另一动词时,要用不定式,不用动名词。由于不及物,故其后接的不定式为状语,而非宾语。
2. 虽不能直接跟动名词,但后可跟“介词+动名词”。如:
He hesitated to tell her.
= He hesitated about telling her.
该不该告诉她,他有些犹豫。
3. 后接“介词+从句”时,有时可省略介词。如:
He hesitated (about) what he should do next. 他犹豫着下一步怎么办。
4. hesitate about doing sth 与hesitate in doing sth:前者用介词 about,表示“关于”,hesitate about doing sth 的意思是“关于做某事而犹豫”;后者用介词 in,表示“在……方面”,hesitate in doing sth 的意思是“在做某事方面犹豫”。但事实上,两值得在使用时有时区别很小,常可混用(但以用about为普通)。如:
No-one need hesitate about / in going to the countryside for the weekend.
使用suggest的常见错点:
错点一 误用不定式作宾语
要表示汉语的“建议做某事”,英语通常用 suggest doing sth,而不能用 suggest to do sth。如:
他建议坐飞机去,可我认为这样花费太大。
正:He suggested going by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.
误:He suggested to go by plane, but I thought it would cost too much.
汤姆建议把房子卖了,但是安表示反对。
正:Tom suggested selling the house but Ann was against it.
正:Tom suggested to sell the house but Ann was against it.
错点二 误接不定式的复合结构作宾语
汉语通常说“建议某人做某事”,但英语习惯上不能说 suggest sb to do sth,而说suggest sb’s [sb] doing sth。也就是说,suggest 后不仅不接不定式,而且也不接不定式的复合结构。如:
他建议我们早点动身。
正:He suggested that we leave earlier.
误:He suggested us to leave earlier.
当然,我们也可以用后接 that 从句的形式来表达此意思(注意谓语用 “should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式)。如:
I suggest that we (should) have lunch right now. 我建议我们现在就吃午饭。
He suggests that we should all go to see the film. 他建议我们都去看电影。
比较以下同义表达:
他建议他们在没有听到事实真相之前什么都别说。
正:He suggested (should) not saying anything till they heard the facts.
正:He suggested saying nothing about it till they heard the facts.
正:He suggested that they shouldn’t say anything till they heard the facts.
错点三 混用其后宾语从句的语气
suggest 后接宾语从句时,从谓语既可用陈述语气,也可用虚拟语气,其区别与 suggest所表示的意思有关:
1. 若suggest 表示“建议”,则其后接的 that 从句谓语通常用“(should)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气形式。如:
I suggested that she should go home. 我建议她回家去。
She suggested that I (should) be the leader. 她提议由我来做领导人。
2. 若suggest 表示“暗示”“意指”“表明”等义,则其后接的 that 从句要用陈述语气。如:
What he said suggested that he was a cheat. 他说的话表明他是个骗子。
Are you suggesting that I’m not suited for the job? 你的意思是说我不适合做这工作?
错点四 其后误接双宾语
要表示向某人提出某情况,suggest后不能接双宾语,即不能用suggest sb sth,而通常用 suggest sth to sb。如:
我向她提出一个解决问题的办法。
正:I suggested a way out to her.
误:I suggested her a way out.
若其中的直接宾语比较复杂(比如是that 从句)时,可考虑改用 suggest to sb sth。如:
我向他建议我们应该用另一种方式处理这个问题。
正:I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.
误:I suggested him that we should tackle the problem another way.
错点五 忽略相关派生名词的相关用法
按英语习惯,suggest的派生名词suggestion也具有与其词根动词相似的用法,如当suggestion表示“建议”时,若其后接一个that引导的宾语从句,则该从句也习惯上要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气。如:
The suggestion that shops should open on Sundays led to a heated discussion. 关于商店星期日也应该营业的提议,引起了激烈的争论。
There was a suggestion that Brown should be dropped from the team. 有一项建议是布朗应该离队。