动词是高考英语中最重要的一个语法考点，而动词时态(以及非谓语动词)又是各类动词考点中最最重要的。下面是英语动词的用法试题，大家一起来看看吧!
英语动词的用法试题:
【原创考题】
1. “I’m sorry. I shouldn’t have treated you like that.” “You _____ your temper but it doesn’t matter.”
A. had lost B. have lost C. did lose D. were losing
2. How have you been? We ______ we should never see you again.
A. think B. thought C. have thought D. are thinking
3. Unless we run, the film ______ by the time we get to the cinema.
A. will start B. will have started are starting D. has started
4. There ______ less accidents on this road since the speed limit was introduced.
A. have been B. were C. had been D. have had
5. “You must have met him at the party.” “Oh, no, I ______.”
A. hadn’t B. mustn’t C. haven’t D. didn’t
6. Unfortunately, when I arrived there, he ______ and we had little time to talk about it.
A. has just left B. had just left C. just left D. was just leaving
7. Look at that little boy wandering about—perhaps he ______ his mother.
A. will lose B. is losing C. had lost D. has lost
8. It’s good that we ______ to the park because it’s now started to rain.
A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going
9. Jim, you ______ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed
10. The Smiths ______ to move but they’re still considering where to go to.
A. are deciding B. decided C. have decided D. had decided
11. They haven’t arrived yet but we ______ them at any moment.
A. are expected B. have expected C. are expecting D. will expect
12. I tried to phone her, but even as I ______ she was leaving the building.
A. phoned B. would phone C. had phoned D. was phoning
13. How can you possibly miss the news? It ______ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
14. “He says he hasn’t any money to lend us now.” “But he ______!”
A. promises B. promised C. will promise promised
15. Would you please call later? My father ______ a bath just now.
A. has had B. was having C. is having D. has
16. Oh, look at that tall tree. I’m afraid we ______ back where we ______.
A. are, are B. were, were C. are, were D. were, are
17. This bridge, which ______ the 14th century, is dangerous to walk on.
A. is dated from B. was dated from C. dates from D. dated from
18. “I ______ his telephone number.” “I have his number, but I ______ to bring my phone book.”
A. forget, forget B. forgot, forgot C. forget, forgot D. forgot, forget
19. “Does Mr Smith work here?” “No, but he ______ here for some time.”
A. worked B. has worked C. is working D. works
20. “Jim, do you know who wanted me on the phone?” “Sorry. I don’t know. I ______ a bath in the bathroom.”
A. have had B. had had C. was having D. am having
21. “Hurry up! Jim and Mary are waiting for you.” “Oh! I thought they ______ without me.”
A. were going B. have gone C. had gone D. would go
22. I had intended to come over to see you last night, but someone ______ and I couldn’t get away.
A. called B. had called C. would call D. would have called
23. “Will you leave the office now?” “Not until I ______ work.”
A. will finish B. have finished C. will have finished D. had finished
24. You ______ television. Why not do something more active?
A. are always watching B. were always watching
C. have always watched D. have always been watching
25. The plans ______ under discussion for a year now, but no decision ______ reached.
A. have been, has been B. are, is
C. have been, is D. are, has been
【参考答案】
1—5 CBBAD 6—10 DDCBC 11—15 CDABC
16—20 CCCAC 21—25 CABAA
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【答案简析】
1. 用一般过去时表示刚才发生的情况，其中的did表强调。
2.用一般过去时表示过去的想法。
3.注意句中的by the time以及其后的一般现在时(表将来意义)。
4.注意句中的时态标志词since。
5.表示过去的情况用一般过去时。
6.注意后文语境(we had little time to talk about it)。
7.用现在完成时表示结果。
8.“没有去”属过去情况。
9.用现在完成时表示对现在的影响。
10.结合后面的现在进行时，用排除法可知答案。
11. are expecting 指现在的心理倾向。
12. even as 意意“正当……的时候”“恰当……的时候”。
13.注意前面一句的can为现在时态。
14.用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。
15.注意句中的just now 不是表示“刚才”，而是表示“此时”。
16. we are back where we were的意思是“我们又回到了我们刚才来过的地方”。
17. date from(回溯至)后接过去时间，但不用过去时态(也不能用被动语态)。
18.“忘记他的电话号码”是现在的情况，“忘记带电话本”是过去的动作。
19.注意句中的关键词no。
20.用过去进行时表示过去正在进行的动作。
21.注意主句时态用的是一般过去时。
22.用一般过去时表示过去发生的动作。
23. Not until I have finished work 为 I won’t leave the office until I have finished the work之省略。
24.用现在进行时表示感情色彩(此处表示不满)。
25.注意关键信息for a year now。
英语动词时态用法考点测试:
1. Women prefer to think and then speak, while men tend to speak as they ________.
A. think B. have thought C. are thinking D. were thinking
2. —Have you had a good evening?
—Well, I ________ a basketball match on TV, but it’s rubbish. I think I’ll turn it off now.
A. watched B. was watching C. have been watching D. had been watching
3. —Dorothy was just here a moment ago. But she left.
—Too bad. I can’t believe I ________ her.
A. has missed B. will miss C. missed D. miss
4. —________ Mr. Hopkins ________ this week? ?
— No. He is on holiday.?
A. Does; work B. Is; working C. Has; worked D. Will; work
5. Do forgive me if I ________ you a pain. I would rather I ________ the day before yesterday.
A. gave; didn’t say that B. have given; didn’t say that
C. will give; haven’t said D. have given; hadn’t said that
6. —May I speak to your manager Mr. Black at seven tonight?
—I’m sorry. Mr. Black ________ to a conference long before then.
A. had gone B. has gone C. will have gone D. would have gone
7. Unluckily, when I dropped in, Dr. Smith ________, so we only had time for a few words.
A. was just leaving B. has just left C. had just left D. just left
8. A short time before she ________, the old lady ________ a will, leaving her money to her brother.
A. died; has written B. has died; wrote C. had died; wrote D. died; had written
9. —Don’t go there alone in such late hours.
—Don’t worry. I ________.
A. don’t B. won’t C. didn’t D. haven’t
10. All of the guests ________ by 9:00 o’clock, but the host ________ until 15 minutes later.
A. arrived; didn’t turn up B. had arrived; didn’t turned up
C. arrived; hadn’t turned up D. had arrived; hadn’t turned up
11. —Have you decided already?
—Yes, I ________ at once.
A. have decided B. will decide C. decided D. had decided
12. When I said some students are lazy, I ________ to you.
A. don’t refer B. wasn’t referring C. hasn’t referred D. didn’t refer
13. —Peter, you ________ the window quickly, will you?
—Ok! Oh! The window ________ broken.
A. shut; is B. will; has been C. are shutting; was D. have shut; has
14. Li Ming is said ________ by heart 2000 words up to now.
A. that he has learned B. to have learned C. to learn D. having learned
15. He ________ a hard life, but he ________ us a lot of excellent works.
A. had led; had left B. led; has left C. had led; has left D. led; was leaving
16. What luck! It ________ ever since we came down to the beach 3 days ago!
A. has rained B. had been raining C. is raining D. has been raining
17. —Look! You’ve made the same mistake again!
—Oh, not again! ________ such a mistake.
A. I will always make B. I’m always making
C. I’ve always made D. I always made
18. —Did you tell him where she ___?
—Yes, and I also told him that she ________ come back until next month.
A. had gone; wouldn’t B. has gone; won’t
C. had been; wouldn’t D. went; didn’t
19. —I hear you plan to fly north to Seattle next week.
—Well, I ________ to, but I ________, for the meeting has been put off.
A. planned; am giving up B. had planned; gave up
C. had planned; have given up D. planned; gave up
20. Before the first non-stop flight made in 1949, it ________ necessary for all planes to land for refueling.
A. has been B. had been C. would be D. would have been
21. The young film star receives hundreds of letters a day, which ________ her parents both pleasure and worry.
A. brought B. bring C. have brought D. brings
22. —How long ________ you ________ in Singapore?
—For just the weekend. I’ll be back next Monday morning.
A. have; stayed B. are;staying C. did; stay D. do;stay
23. The river will be further polluted unless some measures ________.
A. will be taken B. are taken C. were taken D. had been taken
24. The harder you ________, the greater progress you________.
will study; will make B. study; will make C. study; make D. will study; make
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[答案与解析]
1. C。“女人喜欢先想后说，而男人趋向边想边说”。as引导时间状语从句,用进行式强调从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生，意为“一边┅ 一边┅”。
2. C。根据上句提示和句意可知，本题用完成进行时，强调动作的持续性。在根据答语中“我要把它关掉”可知用现在完成进行时，故答案为C。
3. C。根据上句“Dorothy刚才在这儿，但她走了。”可知是过去的情况，因此下句也用一般过去时。“我不能相信我未见到她。”
4. B。“Mr. Hopkins这星期上班吗?”“不，他在度假。”用现在进行时表示目前一段时间内正在进行或发生的动作。
5. D。第一空用现在完成时，强调过去的动作对现在造成的影响;由句中的“前天”可知是与过去事实相反的情况，因此第二空用过去完成时。故答案为D。
6. C。由上句中的at seven tonight可知是指一般将来的动作。所给的四个选项中只有C指将来。故答案为C。将来完成时表示将来某个时候已经发生或完成的动作。句意为“我今晚七点钟你们的经理布莱克先生谈话吗?”“对不起，布莱克先生今晚七点钟将早去参加会议了。”
7. A。根据前半句中dropped in, 可知是过去时态，排除B;根据后半句句意“所以我们只说了几句话”提示，可排除C;故答案为 A。转移动词的进行时表将来。
8. D。句意为“死之前，老太太写下遗嘱，把钱留给她的弟弟。”“死”这一动作发生在过去，用一般过去时;“写遗嘱”发生在“死”之前，是“过去的过去”，用过去完成时。故答案为D。
9. B。祈使句看成将来时。“不要一个人这么晚出去。”“别担心。我不出去。”
10. B。第一空“所有客人九点钟之前都到了”，表示过去某个时间之前已经发生的动作，用过去完成时;第二空“主人十五分钟之后才到达”，是指过去某个时候发生的动作，用一般过去时;故答案为B。
11. C。根据问句“你已经决定了吗?”，此题很容易误选选项A;但受答语中at once的限制，答案应该为C。“是的，我(当时) 立刻做的决定。”
12. B。“当我说有些同学懒惰时，我不是指你。”过去进行时表示过去某时刻正在进行或发生的动作。
13. A。根据上句中的will you，可只是祈使句的反意疑问句，故第一空用动词圆形;第二空表示现在的状态，用一般现在时，故答案为A。
14. B。“据说李明到目前为止已经记住2000个单词了。”sb. is said 后接不定式，根据up to now的提示, 可知是从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，用现在完成时。故答案为B。
15. B。第一空是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，用一般过去时;第二空强调过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成影响或产生的结果，用现在完成时。故答案为B。句意为“他过着艰苦的生活，但给我们留下了许多很多出色的作品。”
16. D。“自从三天前我们来到海滨一直在下雨”。现在完成进行时表示过去某个时刻以来一直在进行的动作。强调动作的持续性。
17. B。现在进行时与 always等连用可表示满意、称赞、惊讶、厌恶等感情色彩，可译为“老是”。句意为“看!你又犯了相同的错误!”“噢，不是又犯了!我老是犯这个错误。”
18. A。根据句中did和told的提示，可知是过去的时态。第一空的动作发生在谓语动词“告诉”之前，应用过去完成时。had gone意为“到某地去了”，had been意为“去过某地”，根据句意“你告诉他她去哪里了吗?”可知用had gone。第二空根据句意“我也告诉他她下月回来”，可知用过去将来时。故答案为A。
19. C。第一空plan用过去完成时，表示“原打算干某事”;第二空根据and及用现在完成时的提示，也用相同的时态。故答案为C。句意为“我听说你计划下周乘飞机去西雅图。”“我原打算去的。但我放弃了，因为会议延期了。”
20. B。根据“1949年制造第一架直飞班机之前”可知“所有飞机登陆加燃料是必要的”是指“过去的过去”情况，应用过去完成时，故答案为B。
21. D。主句“那个年轻的电影明星一天收到数百封信”用的是现在时，which引导的定语从句是对主句的评价，因此也用现在时，句意为“这是使她的父母既高兴又担心。”
22. B。根据答语中“只是周末，我下周一早晨回来。”可知事情还未发生，故用are staying现在进行时表将来，表示按计划或安排要发生的动作。
23. B。在unless引导的条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示一般将来时。句意为“如果不采取措施，河水污染会跟严重。”
24. B。The more…the more…句型中，前句相当于条件状语从句，用一般现在时;后句是主句用一般将来时。句意为“你学习越努力，你取得的进步就越大。”
英语动词时态考题精练:
1. Look at that little boy wandering about — perhaps he _______ his mother.
A. will lose B. is losing C. had lost D. has lost
2. It’s good that we _______ to the park because it’s started to rain.
A. don’t go B. hadn’t gone C. didn’t go D. wasn’t going
3. I _______ for five minutes; why don’t they come?
A. A m calling B. called C. was calling D. have been calling
4. You _______ your turn so you’ll have to wait.
A. will miss B. have missed C. are missing D. had missed
5. I left my pen on the desk and now it’s gone; who _______ it?
A. took B. has taken C. will take D. had taken
6. How can you possibly miss the news? It _______ on TV all day long.
A. has been B. had been C. was D. will be
7. I arrived late; I _______ the road to be so icy.
A. wouldn’t expect B. haven’t expected
C. hadn’t expected D. wasn’t expecting
8. Sales of CDs have greatly increased since the early 1990s, when people _______ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology.
A. begin B. began C. have begun D. had begun
9. Turn on the television or open a magazine and you _______ advertisements showing happy families.
A. will often see B. often see
C. are often seeing D. have often seen
10. —I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her holiday.
—Oh, how nice! Do you know when she _______ ?
A. was leaving B. had left C. has left D. left
11. I _______ you not to move my dictionary—now I can’t find it.
A. asked B. ask C. was asking D. had asked
12. -What’s that terrible noise?
-The neighbors _______ for a party.
A. have prepared B. are preparing C. prepare D. will prepare
13. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, _______ visiting a museum when the earthquake struck.
A. was B. were C. had been D. would be
14. She has set a new record, that is, the sales of her latest book_______50 million.
A. have reached B. has reached C. are reaching D. had reached
15. He kept looking at her, wondering whether he _______her somewhere.
A. saw B. has seen C. sees D. had seen
16. She _______her hairstyle in her hometown before she came to Chongqing for a better job.
A. would change B. has changed C. changed D. was changing
17. He _______more than 5000 English words when he entered the university at the age of 15.
A. has learned B. would have learned C. learned D. had learned
was hoping to go abroad but his parents _______ that they won’t support him unless he can borrow money from the bank.
A. were deciding B. have decided C. decided D. will decide
19. Years ago we didn’t know this, but recent science _______ that people who don’t sleep well soon get ill.
A. showed B. has shown C. will show D. is showing
20. Susan decided not to work on the program at home because she didn’t want her parents to know what she _______.
A. has done B. had done C. was doing D. is doing
21.—What are you going to do this afternoon?
—I am going to the cinema with some friends. The film _______ quite early, so we _______ to the bookstore after that.
A. finished, are going B. finished, go
C. finishes, are going D. finishes, go
22. What we used to think _______ impossible now does seem possible.
A. is B. was C. has been D. will be
23. — _______ leave at the end of this month.
— I don’t think you should do that until _______ another job.
A. I’m going to; you’d found B. I’m going to; you’ve found
C. I’ll; you’ll find D. I’ll; you’d find
24. — Where did you put the car keys?
— Oh, I _______ I put them on the chair because the phone rang as I _______ in.
A. remembered; come B. remembered; was coming
C. remember; come D. remember; was coming
25. Ladies and gentlemen, please fasten your seat belts. The plane _______.
A. takes off B. is taking off C. has taken off D. took off
26. The young girl sitting next to me on the plane was very nervous. She _______ before.
A. hasn’t flown B. didn’t fly C. hadn’t flown D. wasn’t flying
27. I was giving a talk to a large group of people, the same talk I _______ to half a dozen other groups.
A. was giving B. am giving C. had given D. have given
28. In a room above the store, where a party _______, some workers were busily setting the table.
A. was to be held B. has been held
C. will be held D. is being held
29. I think it is necessary for my 19-year-old son to have his own mobile phone, for I sometimes want to make sure if he _______ home for dinner.
A. come B. comes C. has come D. will come
30. It is said that the early European playing-cards _______ for entertainment and education.
A. were being designed B. have designed
C. have been designed D. were designed
【答案详解】
1. D。根据“那个小男孩徘徊”这一事实，可推知他已与他的妈妈走散了，故用现在完成时表示结果。
2. C。作者句子后面说“现在开始下雨了”，同时作者庆幸“刚才”没有去公园，所用一般过去时。句意为:好在我们(刚才)没有去公园，因为天(现在)已经开始下雨了。
3. D。此处用现在完成进行时表示持续到现在的一段时间。
4. B。用现在完成时表示结果，即你已经错过了机会，其结果是“你只能等了”。
5. B。用现在完成时表示影响或结果，即现在笔不见了，是由于某人已经把它拿走了的结果。
6. A。信息句为一般现在时，根据后句中all day long判断，这显然是强调播放新闻对现在的影响，故选现在完成时。
7. C。“迟到”用的是过去时，“没想到路面结冰”应是过去的过去，故用过去完成时。
8. B。when引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，when指20世纪90年代初，当然用一般过去时。
9. A。这是“祈使句+and +陈述句”句型，祈使句相当于一个条件状语从句，and后的陈述句的谓语用一般将来时，这是一个较为固定的句型。
10. D。因为Jane已经度假去了，“离开”此地就当然是在此之前的过去某个时间了，所以用一般过去时，选D。另外，when通常都不与完成时连用，排除B和C;A与语境不符，不能选。
11. A。由破折号后面的now可知前句的意思是:我曾经叫你不要搬动我的词典的。这里的“叫”显然发生在过去的动作，故用一般过去时。
12. B。由What’s=What is可知，现在仍在发出声音，也就是说“邻居们正在为一个晚会作准备”，故用现在进行时态。
13. A。由句中的when the earthquake struck可知，此题要用一般过去时，排除C和D;又因为主语是单数the teacher，所以只有A正确。
14. A。that is意为“换句话说”，它表明前后两句意思相同。由于前面一句的谓语has set是现在完成时，所以后面一句的谓语动词也应用现在完成时，故排除C和D;又因主语the sales是复数，选出正确答案A。
15. D。因为由语境可知，see应该发生在kept looking之前，即过去的过去，所以用过去完成时，只有D正确。
16. C。由came可知，她已来重庆了，而改变发型是在来重庆之前，即过去的过去，按理要用过去完成时，但before已经表明紧接着发生的先后两个动作，所以也可用一般过去时，所以选C。
17. D。根据句中的entered可知，他上大学是过去的事，而学了5千个英语单词又是在上大学之前，即“过去的过去”，所以用过去完成时。
18. B。因宾语从句中的时态是一般将来时，主句中的谓语动词不可能是过去时态，排除选项A和D;由语境判断，不是“将要决定”，而是“现在已经决定”，所以排除D。
19. B。根据表示对照的years ago和recent可知，我们“以前不知道这一点”，但“现在已经证明了这一点”，所以用现在完成时。
20. C。因decided和didn’t want都是过去式，排除选项A和D;因“做”发生在“决定”之后，而不是之前，不能用过去完成时，排除选项B。
21. C。由问句和答语I am going…可知，要用将来时态，排除选项A和B;电影的开始和结束是影院在时刻表中已有的计划，用一般现在时表示，表示最近的打算或安排，可用现在现进时表示。
22. B。根据句中的used to可知，空格处应填一般过去时。句意为:我们过去认为不可能的现在都似乎有可能成为现实。
23. B。第一空用be going to表示打算或意图，第二空用现在完成时暗示对方应该“先找到新工作，然后再辞职”。注:第二空若不用现在完成时，用一般现在时也可以。
24. D。第一空用一般现在时，指的是“现在”还记得;第二空用过去进行时，指的是当时正在做的事。
25. B。此处用现在进行时表示马上要发生的情况(主要表示按计划或安排要发生的动作)，如:I’m leaving tomorrow. 我明天走。They’re getting married next month. 他们下个月结婚。
26. C。用于供参照的过去时间为was nervous(当时坐飞机很紧紧)，与之相比较，hadn’t flown(没有坐过飞机)显然属于“过去的过去”，故用过去完成时。
27. C。许多同学可能会简单地根据前面的was giving而误选A。但事实上，此题提供的语境是:我当时正在给一群人作报告，这个报告我曾给其他若干批人讲过。由于was giving为过去进行时，而“曾给其他若干批人讲过”显然发生在was giving这一过去时间之前，故用过去完成时，即答案选C。
28. A。根据句中的were busily setting the table可知，晚会还没有举行，由此可排除B和D;比较A和C，A最佳，因为已经在摆桌子，说明晚会马上就要举行了，故用be to do sth结构更合适。
29. D。如果同学们注意到题干中的连词if以及选项中的comes和will come，便可猜测到本题是考查考生对句中的if用法的理解，若if表示“是否”，则它所引导的是宾语从句，那么则要用将来时态表示将来意义;若if表示“如果”，则它所引导的是条件状语从句，则要用一般现在时表示将来意义。通读全句，根据句意可以确定if的意思是“是否”。
30. D。解答此题的关键是要抓住early这一形容词。early European playing-cards的意思是“早期欧洲人玩的扑克牌”，既然是“早期”，肯定就是过去的事了，所以用一般过去时。
英语连系动词考点及用法训练:
1. —Do you like the silk?
— Yes, it ________very soft
A. is feeling B. felt C. feels D. is felt
2. I like to get up early in the morning. It ________ good to walk along the path.
A. does B. feels C. gets D. makes
3. ________ good, the food was soon sold out.
A. Tasting B. Tasted C. Being tasted D. Having been tasted
4. I ________ so tired that I can’t attend the meeting.
A. feel B. am feeling C. was felt D. have felt
5. They ________ friends since they met in Beijing.
A. have made B. have become C. have been D. have turned
6. What he said just now sounded ________.
A. pleasantly B. nicely C. friendly D. wonderfully
7. I’d rather read than see a film: the films seem ________ all the time.
A. getting worse B. to have got better C. to get worse D. to be getting worse
8. His room ________, and we dare not go into it.
A. smelling terrible B. smells terribly C. smells terrible D. is smelt terrible
9. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears ________ everything.
A. to tell B. to be told C. to be telling D. to have been told
10. It sounded ________ down the rail.
A. as a train running B. like a train to run
C. like a train running D. as if a train running
11. —Shall we go skating or stay at home?
—Which ________ do yourself?
A. do you rather B. would you rather C. will you rather D. should you rather
[答案与解析]
1. C。feel是表示人的感觉的连系动词，意为“摸起来”。这类动词不用被动语态。故答案为C。
2. B。句意为“我喜欢早晨喜欢早起，沿小路散步的感觉真好”。此处的good是形容词，前面需要系动词，构成系表结构。feel意为“(人)有某种感觉”。
3. A。taste是表示人的感觉的连系动词，意为“尝起来”。虽然与主语the oranges之间有被动意味，但不能用被动语态。应用现在分词作状语，故答案为A。
4. B。feel 表示“感觉”可用于进行时。句意为“我感到太累，我不能出席此会议了。”
5. C。此题考查系动词be的用法区别。become和turn都是非延续动词，不能跟表示一段时间的状语连用，要用动词be，故答案为C。
6. C。连系动词后通常可接形容词作表语，一般不接副词。所给的四个选项中只有friendly是形容词，故答案为C。
7. D。由句意为“我宁愿读书而不愿看电影:电影似乎越来越差了。”可排除B;seem后可接不定式，故排除A;由all the time可知应用不定式的进行式;故答案为D。
8. C。smeel是连系动词，后跟形容词作表语，且不用于被动语态，排除选项B和D;因为句中有连词and，可知前面是并列句，因此不用非谓语动词作状语，排除A。故答案为C。
9. D。根据句意“她似乎已经知道了一切事情。”可知应用不定式的完成式。故答案为D。
10. C。连系动词sound后可接as if引导的从句，也可接like+ 动名词短语。D项中缺少was，因此不是完整的句子，故答案为C。
11. B。would rather + 动词原形，表示“宁愿做某事”，will, do和should都不能与rather连用。