非谓语动词,又叫非限定动词,非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要包括不定式、动名词和分词(现在分词和过去分词),即动词的非谓语形式。下面小编告诉你高中英语非谓语动词用法,大家一起来看看吧!
高中英语非谓语动词用法:
非谓语动词作主语
表示经常性,常用动名词作主语,表示某一次,常用动词不定式作主语,
有时为了对称,主语,宾语(或表语)要么都用不定时,要么都用动名词
Seeing is believe. To see is to believe.
动名词的完成式一般不做主语(动名词表示一个事)
It’s necessary to be prepared for a job interview. ____the answers ready will be of great help.
A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having(B为什么不行)
It was ____ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.(D为什么不行?)
A. to have played B. playing C. played D. having played
________ the homework made his father lose his temper. (但复合结构可以)
A. The boy’s not having done B. The boy not having done
C. The boy’s having not done D. The boy having not done
what在问句中作主语时,常用动名词短语来回答
What made your brother so delighted?
___ for his progress. B
A. His teacher praised him B. His being praised by his teacher
C. His teacher having praised him D. He was praised by his teacher
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非谓语动词作宾语
动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语,有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语
这类及物动词常见的有:
agree (同意) , ask (请、要) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起agree 同意ask 要求apply 申请care (想要) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希望)等等promise 答应want 想要wish 希望
有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语
下列动词习惯上可接动名词作宾语,但不能接不定式作宾语:
admit 承认advise 建议allow 允许appreciate 感激avoid 避免consider 考虑delay 推迟deny 否认discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢enjoy 喜爱escape 逃脱excuse 原谅fancy 设想finish 完成forbid 禁止forgive 原谅give up 放弃imagine 想像keep 保持 mention 提及mind 介意miss 没赶上pardon 原谅permit 允许practise 练习prevent 阻止?摇prohibit 禁止put off 推迟report 报告risk 冒险stop 停止suggest 建议understand 理解feel like想做某事
有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词,但意思上有差别
forget ,remember跟动名词作宾语,记得还是忘了以前做的事。跟不定式,还未作
mean to do, 打算作某事;mean doing, 意味着
try to do , 尽力作某事;try doing, 尝试着作某事
want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被动;
regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔;regret to say, 很抱歉的说
like hate doing, 经常性的,like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事,used to do 过去经常做某事be used to do被用来做
can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事can’t help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事
stop doing 停止正在做着的某事;stop to do停下来做别的事情
go on doing继续做原来做的事 go on to do接着干别的事情
forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something
except, but后跟不定式时,如果前面有实意动词do的形式,不用to, 否则要带to
There is nothing to do except ___ till it stops snows. C
A. to wait B. waiting C. wait D. waits
She can dance and sing.
她能唱歌又能跳舞。(sing在此用作不及物动词。)
She can sing many English songs.
她能唱好多首英文歌曲。(sing用作及物动词。)
非谓语动词作表语
1.表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语,表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语
( 表示某一次,如果主语中有do时,不定式省略to)
2. 动名词作表语同进行时的区别
动名词作表语时是说明主语的职责和功能等,和主语是对等关系,没有正在进行之意, 而现在分词有正在进行之意
如:My job is looking after the children. (looking 为动名词)
He is looking after the baby. (looking 为现在分词)
3.现在分词和过去分词作表语时相当于-ed形容词和-ing形容词。
-ing 形容词,令人。。。的;-ed形容词,令人感到。。。的,有被动意味。
动词短语
be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事,used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do被用来做
can’t help doing=can’t help but do 忍不住做某事 can’t help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事
stop doing 停止正在做着的某事; stop to do停下来做别的事情
go on doing继续做原来做的事 go on to do接着干别的事情
forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody to do something
非谓语动词所表示动词的基本特点:
在句子中不能作谓语的动词形式叫非谓语动词。非谓语动词有不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。动名词和现在分词的形式相同,可统称为动词的-ing形式;现在分词与过去分词在句中的作用相同,可统称为分词。
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非谓语动词的总体用法特点是:不定式表示将来(谓语之后)的或具体的动作;动名词表示已完成的或一般的动作;现在分词表示主动和正在进行的动作;过去分词表示被动和完成的动作。如:
The meeting to be held tomorrow is very important. 明天要开的会议很重要。
The meeting being held now is very important. 现在正开的会议相当重要。
The meeting held yesterday is very important. 昨天开的会议相当重要。
非谓语动词用作宾语补足语的重要知识点:
1. 在感官动词(feel, listen to, hear, see, look at, watch, notice 等)和使役动词(make, let, have)后,要用不带 to 的不定式作宾补。但在这些动词的被动式(如果可以变为被动式的话)后用作主语补足语的不定式要带 to。
He made me work 12 hours a day. 他要我每天工作12小时。
I was made to work 12 hours a day. 每天要我工作12小时。
记忆方法:一感(feel)、二听(hear, listen to)、三让(let, have, make)、四看(see, look at, watch, notice)。
2. 在下列动词后用作宾语补足语的非谓语动词用不定式,即用于 vt. + sb / sth + to do sth 的形式:
advise 建议 allow 允许 ask 叫,请 bear 忍受
beg 乞求 cause 导致 command 命令 encourage 鼓励
expect 期待 forbid 禁止 force 迫使 get 使
hate 讨厌 help 帮助 intend 想要 invite 邀请
leave 让 like 喜欢 mean 打算 need 需要
oblige 迫使 order 命令 permit 允许 persuade 说服
prefer 宁愿 request 请求 remind 提醒 teach 教
tell 告诉 trouble 麻烦 want 想要 warn 警告
wish 希望 wait for 等 would like 想要
would love 想要 would prefer 宁愿
注:(1) 在 help 后作宾补的不定式带不带 to 均可。
(2) 但 fear, excuse, refuse, insist, hope, suggest, agree, decide, demand, thank, arrange 等动词后不可接 sb to do sth。
3. 用非谓语动词作宾语补足语的常用结构:
(1) have sb do sth使某人做某事
(2) have sb doing sth 使某人或某物处于做某事的状态中
(3) have sth done 请人做某事,遭受某事
(4) catch sb doing sth 抓住(碰上)某人在做某事
(5) feel sth / sb doing sth 感觉某人或某物在做某事
(6) find sb / sth doing sth 发现某人或某物在做某事
(7) keep sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物不停地做某事
(8) start sb doing sth 使某人开始做某事
(9) send sb to do sth 派(叫)某人去做某事。如:
(10) send sb / sth doing sth 使某人或某物迅速做某事
(11) leave sb to do sth 让某人去做某事
(12) leave sb doing sth 让某人做某事(处于做某事的状态中)
(13) set sb to do sth 使某人做某事
(14) set sb (sth) doing sth 使某人或某物开始做某事
4. 非谓语动词作宾补的一个原则:当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是主动关系时,用不定式或现在分词;当宾语与作宾补的动词在逻辑上是被动关系时,用过去分词,或用不定式、现在分词的被动式。
非谓语动词作宾语需要注意的若干重点:
1. 通常接不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词:
afford 负担得起 agree 同意 arrange 安排 ask 要求
care 想要 choose 决定 decide 决定 demand 要求
determine 决心 expect 期待 fail 未能 help 帮助
hesitate 犹豫 hope 希望 long 渴望 manage 设法
offer 主动提出 plan 计划 prepare 准备 pretend 假装
promise 答应 refuse 拒绝 want 想要 wish希望
would like 想要 should like 想要 would prefer 宁愿
2. 通常接动名词而不接不定式作宾语的动词:
admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激
avoid 避免 consider 考虑 delay 推迟 deny 否认
discuss 讨论 dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱
excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止
forgive 原谅 give up 放弃 imagine 想像 include 包括
keep 保持 mention 提及 mind 介意 miss 没赶上
pardon 原谅 permit 允许 practise 练习 prevent 阻止
prohibit 禁止 report 报告 risk 冒险 stop 停止
can’t stand 不能忍受 burst out 突然开始
feel like 想要 insist on 坚持
put off 推迟 give up 放弃
3. 接不定式和接 -ing 形式意义不同的动词:
remember to do 记住去做 remember doing 记得做过
forget to do 忘记去做 forget doing 忘记做过
regret to do 遗憾地做 regret doing 后悔做了
try to do 设法做 try doing 试做
go on to do 接着做另一事 go on doing 继续做同一事
mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味着
stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做
can’t help to do 不能帮助做 can’t help doing 情不自禁做
4. 可接不定式和动名词且含义相同的动词:
like 喜欢 love 喜欢 hate 憎恨 prefer 宁可
begin 开始 start 开始 continue 继续 can’t bear
bother 麻烦 intend 想要 attempt 试图 cease 停止
注:
(1) 当 like, love, hate, prefer 与 would, should 连用时,其后只能接不定式。
(2) 当 begin, start 本身为进行时态或后接 know, realize, understand 等静态动词时,其后的动词只能用不定式。
5. 其他注意点:
(1) 表示“需要”的 need, want 和 require 后接 -ing 形式的主动形式或不定式的被动式都可以。如:
Your hair needs cutting [to be cut]. 你的头发该理了。
The room wants cleaning [to be cleaned]. 这房间需要打扫了。
(2) 介词后接动词作宾语,通常要用动名词,但表示“除…外”的介词 but 和 except 后接动词作宾语要用不定式。若前面有行为动词 do,其后的不定式不带 to;若前面没有行为动词 do,则其后的不定式通常带 to。如:
There’s little we can do except wait. 除了等待我们没有什么办法。
It had no effect except to make him angry. 除惹他生气外,没产生任何效果。