英语中具有使役意义的动词较多,跟人们常常说的使役动词不是一个概念.通常我们说使役动词,指的是make, have, let这三个动词,它们在后接不定式作宾语补足语时要省去不定式符号to的特定用法.下面是英语中使役动词的用法总结，大家一起来看看吧!
英语中使役动词的用法总结:
的用法
1). have 宾语 省to不定式:表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.而且还可以与情态动词will, would连用,不用于被动结构.
The rich lady had the singer eat with his servants.
I will have him come and help you.
2). have 宾语 现在分词:表示让某人或物连续进行某动作或处于某状态中,宾语和宾补是一种主动关系.亦可转化为“劝说,鼓励”宾语干某事.
The two cheats had the lights burning all night long.
He had us waiting for him three hours yesterday.
I have them all talking to each other in English. 我鼓励他们用英语交谈.
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3). have 宾语 过去分词:表示主语的主观意志,即主语让别人为自己完成某事,宾语和宾补是动宾关系.还可以表示主语遭受到来利或不测的事.
Tom said he had had his TV set repaired.
Tom had his wallet stolen on the bus yesterday.
“别人”在句中一般不出现,这是它与结构1)的区别所在.试比较:
Have you washed your clothes? 你洗了衣服了吗?(自己洗)
Have you had your clothes washed? 你叫人洗了衣服了吗?(别人洗)
4). have 宾语 形容词/副词/介词短语作宾补
Please have your tickets ready.
The Emperor had nothing on.
I am sure I’ll have him in the argument.
的用法
1). let 宾语 省to不定式:表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系,罕用于被动语态.有时也可指一种假设.let后不能接现在分词,过去分词作宾补.
Let them stay in the classroom and do their exercises themselves.
Let AB be equal to CD. 假设AB等于CD.
2). let 宾语 副词/介词短语作宾补
Let me in and let them out.
Who let you into the building?
的用法
1). make 宾语 省to不定式:表示主语“要”“使”“让”宾语干某事,宾语和宾补之间是一种主动关系.此结构常用被动结构.make后不接现在分词作宾补.
The teacher made the naughty boy stand there for an hour.
The naughty boy was made to stand there for an hour.
2).make 宾语 过去分词,此结构中的宾语指人时常用到反身代词.
He raised his voice to make himself heard.
Can you easily make yourself understood in English?
They will make an important plan known to the public soon.
3). make 宾语 形容词,宾语亦可是从句.
The news made her happy.
He made it clear that he objected to the proposal.
三大使役动词make、have、get怎么区别:
在英语学习中主要有三大使役动词——make、have和get。
make sb do sth、have sb do sth 和get sb to do sth都表示让某人做某事的意思。
看上去这三大使役动词的区别有点模糊，那让我们一步一步的进行区分一下吧。
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首先来看make的用法。
①make sb do sth(让某人做某事)
例句:He made his son clean the room everyday.他让他的儿子天天打扫卫生。
②make sb. /sth + adj(使某人/某事...)
例句:Have I made myself clear?你们听清楚了我讲的吗?③make sb. sth = make sth for sb(为某人做某物)
例句:My uncle will make me a kite. = My uncle will make a kite for me.我的叔叔会给我做一个风筝。
接下来来看have的用法~
①have sb do sth(让某人去做某事)【这一点与make相同】
例句:He had his son clean the room everyday.他让他的儿子天天打扫卫生。
②have sb doing sth.(让某人持续做某事)例句:He had us laughing all through lunch.他让我们在午饭的时候一直不停地笑。③have sth. done(让某事被别人去做)
例句:He has the car washed every week.
他安排别人帮忙洗车。
have sth. done是一个非常重要的知识点，需要结合语境做具体理解才能巩固记忆。
【语境】
The roof of Jill's house was damaged in a storm, so she arranged for somebody to repair it. Yesterday a workman came and did the job. Jill 房子的屋顶在风暴中受损了，于是她安排别人帮他修房顶。昨天一个工人来了做了这份(修房顶)的工作。
Jill had the roof repaired yesterday. Jill昨天叫别人帮她修房顶。
This means: Jill arranged for somebody else to repair the roof. She didn't repair it herself. 于是这就意味着:Jill安排别的人修了房顶并不是她自己去修。
再来看看两个句子的翻译加深印象吧~
Jill repaired the 自己修房顶。
Jill had the roof 的房顶被别人修。
最后我们看get的用法~
①get sb to do sth(让某人去做某事)【这一点同make、have的用法一致】
例句:He got his son to clean the room everyday.他让他的儿子天天打扫卫生。
②get sb/sth. doing sth.(让某人持续做某事;让某物处于一种状态)【这一点同have sth. doing用法一致 】
例句:He got us laughing all through lunch.他让我们在午饭的时候一直不停地笑。
③get sth. done(让……被做，强调被动性动作)【这一点同have sth. done用法一致 】
例句:He got the car started.他发动了小汽车。
使役动词的被动语态怎样区别:
首先讲make sb do sth的被动语态。
看一个句子:I made you work every day. 我使你天天工作。把它变成被动，你被我弄得天天得工作: You were made to work every day.
【总结】make使役动词的被动语态: make sb do → be made to do
接下来讲have sb do sth的被动语态。看一个句子:He had his son clean the room every day.他让他的儿子天天打扫卫生。
把它变成被动，下面两个句子对比一下。
他的儿子被他弄得天天要打扫卫生:His son was had to clean the room every day.(×)
他的儿子被他弄得天天要打扫卫生:His son was made to clean the room every day.(√)
【总结】have使役动词的被动语态:have sb do → sb be made to do
对使役动词的被动语态做个小总结吧~
即“make sb do sth”和“have sb do sth”都是共用一个句型“be made to do”表达被动。
接下来又到了做题巩固的时候啦~
例子1:Tom won the competition and this news made his mother _____ .
A. happy B. happily C. happiness D. to be happy
解析:Tom 赢得了比赛并且(这件事)使他的妈妈高兴。关键词“made”是使役动词，可以用made sb do，翻译成使他的妈妈高兴，happy作动词翻译;可以用made sb adj，使某人处于某种状态，翻译成使她的妈妈感到是高兴的，happy做形容词。不管哪种翻译，都选A，用happy的原型。
例子2:His mother made _____ yesterday to celebrate his birthday.
A. a cake to him B. a cake him C. a cake for him D. a cake at him
解析:考察make使役动词用法中的make sth for sb这一固定搭配，答案选C,等同于make sb sth。他的妈妈昨天做了一个蛋糕为他庆生。
例子3:The boss had the workers _____ work within two days.
finish
解析:考察have使役动词用法中的have sb do这一固定搭配，答案选A，在这个句子中have可以与make替换，也可以与get替换，但是换成get应该注意是D to do的形式，get sb to do。这个老板让工人两天之内完成工作。
例子4:——What are you going to do tomorrow? ——I am going to have my bike _____ .
A. repairs B. to repair C. repaired D. repairing
解析:考察have使役动词用法中的have sth done这一固定搭配，答案选C。——明天你要做什么呢?——我打算请人帮我修自行车。
例子5:The woman got her daughter _____ the chothes by herself.
wash
解析:考察get使役动词用法中的get sb to do这一固定搭配，答案选D。这个妇女让她的女儿自己去洗衣服。
使役动词make用法说明:
make 用作使役动词，表示“使”，使用时注意以下几点:
1. 后接不定式的复合结构作宾语时，不定式不能带 to;但是，若make为被动语态，则不定式必须带to。如:
Though he had often made his little sister cry, today he was made to cry by his little sister. 虽然他曾经常把他小妹妹弄哭，但今天他被他小妹妹弄哭了。
注意，若make不表示“使”，而表示其他意思则情况不同，比如下面两句，make后的不定式不是宾语补足语，而是目的状语:
We make candles to give light. 我们做蜡烛照明。
He made a box to put his money in. 他做了个盒子来装钱。
2. 其后除可接不带to的不定式作宾语补足语外，还可以接以下成分:
(1) 接过去分词作宾语补足语。如:
He tried to make his ideas known. 他设法让别人知道他的想法。
She had to shout to make herself heard. 她必须大声喊才能让人听见她说话。
注意，其后通常不接现在分词作宾语补足语。如:
他让司机在外面等他。
误:He made the driver waiting for him outside.
正:He had the driver waiting for him outside.
(2) 接形容词作宾语补足语。如:
Have I made myself clear? 我的意思说清楚了吗?
We’ll do our best to make you happy. 我们会尽一切努力使你幸福。
(3) 接介词短语作宾语补足语。如:
Sit down and make yourself at home. 请坐，不要拘束。
3. make(使)通常不接现在分词的复合结构作宾语。要表示使某人 或某事一直做某事或处于做某事的状态中，英语可用 have sb doing sth。如:
他讲的滑稽的笑话使大家都笑了。
误:His funny joke made everyone laughing.
正:His funny joke made everyone laugh.